Prokofiev wrote the Piano Sonata in F minor around 1908. This edition is an arrangement for violin and piano. He was only 17 years old at the time. The sonata was his first work to receive an opus number. However, it was not his first composition; as a child prodigy, he had already written piano works and even an opera. The Piano Sonata consists of one movement and has a duration of approximately 7 minutes. The Allegro is constructed from a flowing theme with a distinctly Russian character, around which further music is built.

The premiere took place on March 6, 1910, at an Evening for New Music. The great composer Igor Stravinsky was also present. Later that evening, he would perform L'Oiseau de Feu, a fairy-tale ballet, which Prokofiev was not impressed with.