This first publication of the Sonata in D major is based on Barenreiters series Camille Saint-Saens OEuvres instrumentales completes. Although we know from correspondence that two complete autographs existed, only an incomplete autograph sourcecontaining the 1st movement and part of the 2nd movement, which breaks off, have come down to us. In his final work for violoncello Saint-Saens juxtaposes highly rhythmical episodes with more poetic ones. These contrasts are reinforced by bold shiftsof harmonic coloring and a highly inventive thematic development. These movements are destined to become standards for cellists.